शेळ्यांना खुराक देण्याची संपूर्ण मार्गदर्शिका

-



 

    शेळीपालन हा ग्रामीण भागातील एक महत्त्वाचा व नफ्याचा व्यवसाय आहे. शेळ्यांची वाढ, वजन, उत्पादन (दूध व मांस) आणि त्यांचे एकूण आरोग्य हे त्यांच्या खुराकावर थेट अवलंबून असते. योग्य प्रमाणात हिरवा चारा, कोरडा चारा, दाणेदार खाद्य, खनिजे आणि ताजे पाणी दिल्यास शेळ्यांची प्रतिकारशक्ती वाढते, रोग कमी होतात आणि आर्थिक नफा जास्त मिळतो.

चांगल्या वाढीसाठी टिप्स

  • दिवसाला किमान २ तास चरायला सोडा

  • दर ३ महिन्यांनी कृमिनाशक (Deworming)

  • शेड स्वच्छ, कोरडा व हवादार ठेवणे

  • कमी प्रमाणात पण उच्च गुणवत्तेचा चारा द्यावा

  • कोणत्या चुका टाळाव्यात

  • जास्त दाणेदार खाद्य देणे (फुगवटा/अॅसिडिटी होऊ शकते)

  • ओला किंवा बुरशी लागलेला चारा देणे

  • अचानक खाद्यात बदल करणे

  • फक्त एकाच प्रकारचा चारा देणे

  • ✅ १. खुराकाचे प्रमुख प्रकार

    शेळ्यांना संतुलित आहारासाठी कोरडा चारा, हिरवा चारा, दाणेदार खाद्य, खनिजे आणि स्वच्छ पाणी आवश्यक असते.

    A. कोरडा चारा – 40%

    • कोरडी गवत

    • गहू/ज्वारीची भूसी

    • हाय (सुका चारा)

    👉 पचन सुधारते व रुमेन व्यवस्थित काम करते.

    B. हिरवा चारा – 40%

    • अल्फाल्फा (लुसर्न)

    • बरसीम

    • मका चारा

    • ज्वारी चारा

    • झाडांची पाने (नीम, बाभूळ, सुभाभूळ, वड – मर्यादित प्रमाणात)

    👉 प्रथिने, जीवनसत्वे व खनिजे पुरवते. वाढ व दूध उत्पादन वाढते.

    C. दाणेदार खाद्य (Concentrates) – 20%

    गर्भवती, दूध देणाऱ्या व वाढत्या शेळ्यांना आवश्यक.

    दाणेदार खाद्य मिश्रण (उदाहरण):

    • मका – 40%

    • गहू/बार्ली – 20%

    • तेलबिया पेंड (सोयाबीन/शेंगदाणा) – 30%

    • खनिज मिश्रण – 2%

    • मीठ – 1%


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Poultry Brooding – 50 MCQs Set 2

-
Image
 Poultry Brooding – 50 MCQs 1. The brooding period mainly refers to the first: a) 7 days b) 14 days c) 21–28 days d) 35 days Answer: c 2. The best indicator of correct brooding temperature is: a) Thermometer b) Chick behavior c) Litter color d) Feed intake Answer: b 3. Ideal floor temperature at chick placement: a) 21°C b) 25°C c) 28–30°C d) 35°C Answer: c 4. The zone of thermal comfort for chicks is called: a) Thermo-neutral zone b) Comfort zone c) Heat tolerance zone d) Brooding ceiling Answer: a 5. Heat stress in chicks begins when temperature crosses: a) 30°C b) 33°C c) 35°C d) 40°C Answer: c 6. A “cold chick” will mostly show: a) Open-mouth breathing b) Spreading wings c) Piling together d) Drinking excess water Answer: c 7. Brooder temperature is usually maintained by adjusting: a) Feed quantity b) Litter type c) Heat source height d) Ventilation fans Answer: c 8. The humidity must be controlled mainly to avoid: a) Feather shedding ...
Read more

Poultry Brooding – 50 MCQs set 1

-
Image
  Poultry Brooding – 50 MCQs SET 1  (Competitive Exam Level) Answers are given below each question. 1. Brooding is required for chicks up to: a) 1–7 days b) 0–4 weeks c) 4–8 weeks d) 8–10 weeks Answer: b 2. Ideal brooding temperature on day-1 is: a) 28°C b) 32°C c) 35°C d) 40°C Answer: c 3. Heat is reduced every week by: a) 1°C b) 2°C c) 3°C d) 5°C Answer: c 4. Heat must be continued until chicks maintain body temperature of: a) 37°C b) 39–40°C c) 42°C d) 45°C Answer: b 5. Brooding with mother hen is called: a) Natural brooding b) Artificial brooding c) Semi brooding d) Free brooding Answer: a 6. Equipment-based brooding is known as: a) Natural b) Artificial c) Mechanical d) Incubation Answer: b 7. Most commonly used brooder in commercial farms: a) Charcoal stove b) Gas brooder c) Electric hover brooder d) Wood stove Answer: c 8. Chicks huddle together under the brooder when: a) Heat is adequate b) Heat is excess c) Heat is insuf...
Read more

Poultry Production Terminology – 50 MCQs

-
 📘 Poultry Production Terminology – 50 MCQs 1. “Broiler” refers to birds raised for: A) Eggs B) Meat C) Breeding D) Feathers Answer: B 2. “Layer” means a bird used for: A) Meat production B) Egg production C) Hatchery D) Exhibition Answer: B 3. “Chick” refers to: A) Young bird below 1 week B) Newly hatched bird C) 10-week bird D) Layer bird Answer: B 4. “Cockerel” means: A) Adult male B) Young male C) Adult female D) Young female Answer: B 5. “Pullet” refers to: A) Young hen B) Old hen C) Male chick D) Broiler Answer: A 6. “Hen” refers to: A) Adult female chicken B) Adult male chicken C) Young chick D) Quail Answer: A 7. “Rooster” is: A) Young male B) Adult male C) Layer bird D) Vaccinated chick Answer: B 8. “Debeaking” is: A) Trimming of beak B) Trimming of nails C) Cutting of feathers D) Removal of toes Answer: A 9. “Brooding” means: A) Feeding chicks B) Artificial warming of chicks C) Vaccination D) Egg grading Answer: B 10....
Read more

Chick Arrival & Brooding Management MCQ

-
Image
 Chick Arrival & Brooding Management 1. Brooding temperature in first week? a) 25°C b) 33–35°C c) 40°C d) 20°C Ans: b 2. Best litter material for chicks? a) Sand b) Wood shavings c) Mud d) Paper Ans: b 3. Litter depth should be: a) 1 cm b) 2 cm c) 4–6 cm d) 10 cm Ans: c 4. Pre-heating shed time: a) 1 hour b) 3 hours c) 6–8 hours d) 24 hours Ans: c 5. Huddling chicks indicate: a) Heat excess b) Cold c) Disease d) Hunger Ans: b 6. Scattered chicks indicate: a) Ideal temp b) Cold c) Heat d) Hunger Ans: c 7. Ideal placement of feeders first week: a) Close to brooder b) Outside the guard c) At corners d) Near door Ans: a 8. Brooder guard height: a) 10 cm b) 30–40 cm c) 1 meter d) 2 meters Ans: b 9. First-day water should contain: a) Antibiotics b) Glucose + electrolytes c) Salt d) Oil Ans: b 10. Chick activity should be checked after: a) 10 min b) 1 hour c) 6 hours d) One day Ans: b 11. Brooding mainly required for: a) La...
Read more

Care & Management of Broilers MCQ

-
  Care & Management of Broilers MCQ Broiler farming आजच्या काळात सर्वात वेगाने विकसित होणारा livestock व्यवसाय आहे. Broilers हे जलद वाढणारे commercial birds असल्यामुळे त्यांना scientific housing, balanced feeding, proper healthcare, temperature control आणि record keeping आवश्यक असते. योग्य care मिळाल्यास broilers 35–42 दिवसात market weight आणि चांगला profit देतात. म्हणूनच broiler management समजून घेणे विद्यार्थी, शेतकरी, poultry workers आणि entrepreneurs साठी खूप महत्वाचे आहे. 1. Broilers are mainly reared for: a) Eggs b) Meat ✔️ c) Feathers d) Exhibition 2. Market age of broilers is generally: a) 12 weeks b) 6–8 weeks ✔️ c) 16 weeks d) 1 year 3. Orientation of a poultry house should be: a) North–South b) East–West ✔️ c) Diagonal d) Circular 4. Optimum brooding temperature first week: a) 20–25°C b) 32–34°C ✔️ c) 40°C d) 10°C 5. Space requirement per broiler bird: a) 2 sq.ft b) 1 sq.ft ✔️ c) 5 sq.ft d) 10 sq.ft 6. Broilers require ___% protein in ...
Read more